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篇一
一、 Vocabul ary and Structure(10 poi nts, 1 poi nt each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案， 并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
1. The traffic was held up for more than thirty minutes, ________caused me toarrive late.
A. it
B. that
C. what
D. which
答案： D
2. ________he has many friends， he is often feeling lonely.
A. As
B. When
C. While
D. Since
答案： C
3. Poor speaker of English though he was at the time， he still managed to makehimself_______.
A. understand
B. understood
C. understanding
D. to understand
答案： B
4. There are many sales this season， during which stores will lowertheir_________prices.
A. normal
B. general
C. ordinary
D. usual
答案： A
5. As for family education， parents are encouraged to rely on_________rather thanpunishment.
A. criticism
B. intimidation
C. persuasion
D. scolding
答案： C
6. Scientists doubt whether it’ s_________to regulate one’ s biological clock bydrinking.
A. feasible
B. incredible
C. fashionable
D. valuable
答案： A
7. You’ d better leave things________if you don’ t know how to deal with them.
A. lonely
B. only
C. lone
D. alone
答案： D
8. The room was quiet， _________the occasional coughing from my throat.
A. in case
B. except for
C. by far
D. instead of
答案： B
9. So far scientists have only acquired_________understanding of the physicalprocesses that cause earthquakes.
A. a partial
B. a changeable
C. an original
D. an individual
答案： A
10. The profit-sharing plan is designed to_______the staff to work hard.
A. calculate
B. demonstrate
C. speculate
D. motivate
答案： D
二、 Cl oze Test(1 0 poi nts, 1 poi nt each) 下列短文中有十个空白， 每个空白有四个选项。 根据上下文要求选出最佳答案， 并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
1. Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for awoman. A man goes shopping1he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided2.Heknows what he wants and his objective is to find it and3it;the price is asecondary4. Most men5walk into a shop and ask the salesman6what they want.If the shophas it in stock,the salesman promptly7it,and the business of trying it onproceeds8. All being well,the9can be and often is completed in less than fiveminutes, with hardly any bargain and to their satisfaction.For a man，slight problemsmay begin when the shop does not have what he wants，10 does not have exactly whathe wants. In that case the salesman，as the name implies，tries to sell the customersomething else.
(1).
(A). although
(B). before
(C). unless
(D). because
答案：D
(2).
(A). in advance
(B). in addition
(C). in contrast
(D). in return
答案：A
(3).
(A). book
(B). order
(C). buy
(D). take
答案：C
(4).
(A). transaction
(B). consideration
(C). regulation
(D). possession
答案：B
(5).
(A). simply
(B). necessarily
(C). reluctantly
(D). inevitably
答案：A
(6).
(A). of
(B). with
(C). for
(D). at
答案：C
(7).
(A). leaves
(B). makes
(C). prevents
(D). produces
答案：D
(8).
(A). at once
(B). at first
(C). at best
(D). at least
答案：A
(9).
(A). sale
(B). deal
(C). payment
(D). request
答案：B
(10).
(A). and
(B). or
(C). but
(D). as
答案：B
三、 Readi ng Comprehensi on(30 poi nts, 2 poi nts each) 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案， 并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
1. My husband Christopher was once a financial planner. Even though he couldn’ tbalance our budget，his clients trusted him completely and he made them feelsecure. In exchange they paid him very well.We had a nice life then.At that time，myyoga studio(瑜伽馆)was just starting to make a profit，and I had recently decoratedit.At last， I was in control of my working life and poured my heart and soul intomaking it succeed.
When we first met，I fell hard for Christopher right away,although I wouldn’t callit love. I’ d never been with a man who was prettier than I was,but after a while Igot used to this，and it didn’t bother me so much.I was recovering from a brokenheart and needed something to help me move on.If it wasn’t love,it was goodenough， and when he asked me to marry him I jumped at the chance，knowing that itmight be my last.
Things started out so well.I was working steadily and Christopher was patientlyclimbing up the ladder in his department.Then，without any warning，one gray winterafternoon in year five，he just upped and left his desk at the bank，handed in hisresignation，and came home and told me he wanted to start an interior designbusiness.
He has always loved mixing and matching，and has a real eye for color,texture，andshape， but the idea of turning a hobby into a business wasn’t something we had everdiscussed. I thought the stress of his job was becoming too much and perhaps he wouldtake a few months off over the spring and summer to relax and get the idea out ofhis system. I didn’t believe he could be serious.But once he had a few clients，hebegan to draw up plans，ordering catalogues and turning our empty workshop into akind of makeshift studio with all of his sketches pinned to the wall.After spendinga lot of time and money on all of this preparation，and really doing quite a nicejob of it， he called each client in turn and apologized，saying he wouldn’t be ableto design their living spaces after all.
(1). As a financial planner, Christopher.
(A). paid his clients very well
(B). was trusted by his clients
(C). was making his yoga studio profitable
(D). could make his family’s budget balanced
答案：B
(2). The woman in the passage.
(A). fell in love with Christopher at first sight
(B). managed a yoga studio with her husband
(C). felt really uncomfortable with a smart man
(D). married Christopher because of a broken heart
答案：A
(3). His wife thought Christopher suddenly quit his job because he.
(A). couldn’t wait to get promoted
(B). had experience in interior design
(C). wanted to do something he enjoyed
(D). couldn’t bear the pressure from his job
答案：D
(4). The womanher husband’ s decision.
(A). was supportive of
(B). was indifferent to
(C). was satisfied with
(D). was negative about
答案：D
(5). It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Christopher.
(A). was more likely to change his mind
(B). would return to his office in the bank
(C). made a big success in interior design
(D). was not wellprepared for his business
答案：A
2. In a quiet， darkened lecture room， you begin a frustrating fight againstfatigue. The overhead projector hums， and you cannot concentrate on the slides.Youstop absorbing information and become absentminded. The professor lost you a longtime ago. You are bored.Virtually everyone gets bored once in a while. Most of us chalk it up to a dullenvironment. “The most common way to define boredom in Western culture is ‘havingnothing to do， ’ ” says psychologist Stephen Vodanovich of the University of WestFlorida. And indeed，early research into the effects of boredom focused on peopleforced to perform dull tasks，such as working a factory assembly line.But boredom is not merely an natural property of the circumstances,researcherssay.Rather this perception is subjective and rooted in aspects ofconsciousness.Levels of boredom vary among people：some individuals are far lessliable to boredom than others—and some，such as extroverts(性格外向者),are morelikely to have this feeling.
Thus， a new generation of scientists is coping with the psychologicalinterpretations of this most tedious of human emotions—and they have found that itis more complicated than is commonly known.Researchers say that boredom is not aunified concept but rather comes in several flavors.Level of attention,an aspect ofconscious awareness，plays an important role in boredom，such that improving aperson’s ability to focus may therefore decrease boredom.Emotional factors can alsocontribute to boredom.People who are poor in understanding their own feelings andthose who become sucked in and distracted by their moods are more easily bored，forample.Staying away from tedium is not easy.People who are liable to boredom are morelikely to suffer from ills such as depression and drug addiction；they also tend tobe socially awkward and poor performers at school or work.
(1). The purpose of the first paragraph is to.
(A). illustrate why people are less able to focus
(B). show how boring a lecture in a dark room is
(C). tell people how fatigue affects concentration
(D). describe a situation where people can get bored
答案：D
(2). It can be concluded from Para. 2 that.
(A). doing nothing leads people to get bored easily
(B). western people pay little attention to boredom
(C). boredom only affects the assembly line worker
(D). people are liable to get bored in a dull situation
答案：D
(3). Researchers hold that boredom results from.
(A). natural surroundings
(B). various kinds of factors
(C). sensitive personalities
(D). subjective perceptions
答案：B
(4). Improvement of people’ s ability to focus may.
(A). affect their moods
(B). distract their minds
(C). reduce their boredom
(D). increase their depression
答案：C
(5). The passage mainly involves.
(A). effects of boredom on people’s life and work
(B). various ways to conquer the feeling of boredom
(C). studies of possible reasons why people get bored
(D). the importance of scientific research into boredom
答案：C
3. Storytelling is one of the few human features that are truly universal acrossculture and through all of known history.Anthropologists find evidence of folktaleseverywhere in ancient cultures，written in anskrit，Latin,Greek,Chinese，Egyptianand Sumerian.People in societies of all types weave stories，from oral storytellersin huntergatherer tribes to the millions of writers bringing out books，televisionshows and movies.And when a characteristic behavior shows up in so many differentsocieties，researchers pay attention：its roots may tell us something about ourevolutionary past.
To study storytelling，scientists must first define what constitutes a story,andthat can prove tricky.Because there are so many diverse forms,scholars often definestory structure，known as narrative，by explaining what it is not.Expositioncontrasts with narrative by being a simple，straightforward explanation,such as alist of facts or an encyclopedia entry.Another standard approach defines narrativeas a series of causally linked events that unfold over time.A third definition drawson the typical narrative’s subject matter：the interactions of intentionalagents—characters with minds—who possess various motivations.However narrative is defined，people know it when they feel it.Whether fiction ornonfiction，a narrative engages its audience through psychologicalrealism—recognizable emotions and believable interactions among characters.“Everyone has a natural detector for psychological realism，”says RaymondA.Mar,assistant professor of psychology at York University in Toronto.“We can tellwhen something rings false.”But the best stories—those retold through generationsand translated into other languages—do more than simply present a believablepicture.These tales attract their audience，whose emotions can be closely tied tothose of the story’s characters.Such immersion(沉浸)is a state psychologistscall“narrative transport”.Researchers have only begun figuring out the relationsamong the variables that can initiate narrative transport.
(1). The passage indicates that storytelling.
(A). is becoming less and less popular in modern societies
(B). attracts researchers’attention all through human history
(C). is the best way to show the evolutionary past of human beings
(D). is a common cultural phenomenon all through the known history
答案：D
(2). The phrase“a characteristic behavior” in Para. 1 refers to.
(A). telling stories
(B). writing books
(C). studying folktales
(D). producing movies
答案：A
(3). Exposition is characterized by.
(A). believable pictures
(B). diverse subject matters
(C). a simple and direct explanation
(D). a number of causally linked events
答案：C
(4). How many approaches are mentioned to define a narrative?
(A). One.
(B). Two.
(C). Three.
(D). Four.
答案：C
(5). The best stories attract their audience because they.
(A). present a believable picture
(B). express the audience’s emotions
(C). are translated into other languages
(D). are retold from generation to generation
答案：B
四、 Word Spel l i ng(10 poi nts, 1 poi nt for two words) 将下列汉语单词译成英语。 每个单词的词类、 首字母及字母数目均已给出。 请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。
1. 能力， 能耐n. a_ _ _ _ _ _
答案： ability
2. 吹嘘， 自夸v. b_ _ _ _
答案： boast
3. 取消， 删除v. c_ _ _ _ _
答案： cancel
4. 危险的， 不安全的a. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案： dangerous
5. 过多的， 过分的a. e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案： excessive
6. 设备； 便利n. f_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案： facility
7. 喂草， 放牧v. g_ _ _ _
答案： graze
8. 几乎不， 几乎没有ad. h_ _ _ _ _
答案： hardly
9. 包括， 包含v. i_ _ _ _ _ _
答案： include
10. 律师n. l_ _ _ _ _
答案：lawyer
11. 较大的， 主要的a. m_ _ _ _
答案：major
12. 国家的， 民族的a. n_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：national
13. 操作， 经营n. o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：operation
14. 透入， 渗入v. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：penetrate
15. 拒绝， 谢绝v. r_ _ _ _ _
答案：refuse
16. 幸存， 存活n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：survival
17. 技术员n. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：technician
18. 在楼上， 往楼上ad. u_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：upstairs
19. 老兵， 老手n. v_ _ _ _ _ _
答案：veteran
20. 获胜者， 优胜者n. w_ _ _ _ _
答案：winner
五、 Word Form(10 poi nts, 1 poi nt each) 将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
1. It was___(care) of her to leave her purse lying on the desk.
答案： careless
2. The___(frighten) child gripped his mother’ s hands tightly.
答案： frightened
3. It might be possible to convert___(explode) energy into heat.
答案： explosive
4. Tom shouted at his wife， “You___(find) fault with me. ”
答案： are finding
5. Jack has exerted all his___(strong) to attain his goal.
答案： strength
6. The surface of the earth___(cover) by masses of land and larger areas of water.
答案： is covered
7. Tom was the only one of the lookers-on who___(be) willing to help.
答案： was
8. Unless there’ s a storm, we shall set off on our journey tomorrow as___ (plan) .
答案： planned
9. The young man was so tired that he fell___(sleep) the moment his head touched
the pillow.
答案： asleep
10. I would rather he___(paint) the wall white next time.
答案：painted
六、 Transl ati on from Chi nese i nto Engl i sh(15 poi nts, 3 poi nts each) 将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
1. 电脑能帮助解决科学研究中的许多问题。
答案： Computers can help solve a lot of problems in scientific researches.
2. 好书的产生是努力工作的结果。
答案： Good books come about as the result of hard work.Good books are the result of hard work.
3. 问题在于她是否能自己克服这些困难。
答案： The question is whether she herself can overcome these difficulties.
The question is whether she can overcome these difficulties on her own.
4. 每个听到那条消息的人都兴奋得跳了起来。
答案：Everybody who had heard the news jumped for joy/with excitement.
5. 你只要不灰心， 一定会成功的。
答案： As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.
七、 Transl ati on from Engl i sh i nto Chi nese(15 poi nts) 将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
1. Everyone agrees that children’ s language learning begins withlistening. However,individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening theydo before they start speaking,and late starters are often long listeners.Mostchildren will‘obey’spoken instructions some time before they can speak.Before theycan speak， many children also ask questions by gestures and noises. It is agreed thatthey enjoy making noises,and that during the first few months one or two noises areconsidered as a particular indication of delight，distress，sociability,and so on.But since three noises cannot be said to show the baby’s intention tocommunicate，they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language.It isagreed，too，that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment，andby six months they are able to add new sounds to their‘speech’.This selfimitationleads on to intentional imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by otherpeople.Can these imitations be considered as speech?
答案： 大家都认同孩子学习语言是从听开始的。 不过， 各个孩子在开始讲话前听的多少却大不相同， 说话迟的孩子听的时间往往长。 大多数孩子在说话前的一段时间都会‘服从’ 口头指令。 许多孩子在会讲话前还会用某种体势及闹声来提问。 人们也同意孩子喜欢发出闹声这一说法， 而且认为在最初几个月， 一两声吵闹是快乐、 痛苦、 友善等的表示。 但是因为三声吵闹声还不能说是孩子想交流， 所以还很难被看作是孩子语言的雏形。 人们还赞同， 三个月左右的孩子以发出各种声音为乐， 到六个月的时候， 他们就能在发声时添加新的发音。 这种自我模仿将会发展为有意识地模仿他人的发音和话语。这些模仿能不能被看作是说话呢?
篇二
Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure(10points 1 point each)
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.You may use bike________ you give it back to me tomorrow morning.
A. unless B. provided C. though D. because
2.He could not ________his tears on hearing that he was not admitted to the university
A. hold up B. hold back C. get over D. get through
3.Good parents have the ability to communicate messages of love, trust, and self-worth ______their children
A. on B. for C. with D. to
4.The teacher required that all errors should be _______eliminated before the students turn in their term paper.
A. deported B. eliminated C. deprived D. implemented
5.A person is lucky if his career ________with his interest and hobby.
A. concerns B. competes C. coinciders D. compares
6.Out sleep influences our mood. our mood, ________,affects our performance.
A. in return B. in vain C. in short D. in turn
7.It was ________of you not to disturb us while we were sleeping.
A. considerate B. considering C. considerable D. considered
8.I'd appreciate it very much if you could make some ________on my recent article at the conference.
A. requests B. references C. remarks D. restrictions
9.He is ______absorbed in his own thoughts that he seems unaware of what's going on in the room.
A. so B. each C. very D. much
10.No sooner (选 C)had I reached home than Michael arrived with Jane in his car.
A. did I reach B.I had reachedC. had I reached D.I reached
Ⅱ .Cloze Test(10point,1 point each)
下列短文中有十个空白， 每个空白有四个选项， 根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。 并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
It is difficult to escape the influence of television. If you fit the statistical messages, by the age of 20 you willhave been esposed___11___at least 20,000 hours of television. You can add 10,000 hours for each decade you havelived ___12___the age of 20. The only things Americans do more than them watch the television are work an sleep.Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those ____13____.Five thousand, I am sold,are what a typical college undergraduate____14____working in a bachelor’s degree. In 10,000 hours you cordedhave learned several lauguages fluently, you could be reading Shakespeare in the ____15____,and you could havewalked around the world the world and ____16____a book about these hours.The trouble with television is____17____it discourages concentrations. Almost anything interesting andrewarding in life____18____some constructive effort .The dultest , the least gifted of us can achieve things thatseem remarkable to those____19____never concertrate on anything .But television encourages us not to makeany___20___.It makes the time pass without gain.
11.A.to B. under C. for D. at
12.A.at B. from C. after D. before
13.A.decades B. hours C. years D. things
14.A.spends B. casts C. takes D. uses
15.A.origin B. beginning C. source D. original
16.A.written B. write C. wrote D. writing
17.A.what B. that C. which D. why
18.A.requests B. asks C. orders D. requires
19.A.what B. whose C. which D. who
20.A.money B. time C. effort D. skill
Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension(30point,2points each)
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案， 并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
Passage one
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Michael Stadtlander set Toronto’s restarant world on fire in the 1980s with his original food, and eastablished anational and international fame. In 1994,however,he decided to leave the city restaurant scene and seek a quiet lifein the country, where he has been preparing meals on his farm two hours borth o Toronto and asks guests to bringtheir own wine.Not long ago, Stadlander was charged with selling liquer without a licence, He said when a guest asked forwine at a dinner in December, he provided two bottles from his private stock.But the customer turned out to be anundercover Ontario Provincial Police(OPP)officer who returned a few days later along with four armed officers toseize 83 bottles of wine,and to search the farmhouse for records. The punishment could run as high as $100,000 infines and a year in jail.When Mr and Mrs Smisth arrived at the farm on a weekend befre Christmas, they said that it was their annualcelebrstion and asked if they could get some wine.Nobuyo,Stadtlander’s wife,told them the policy was thar guestspeovide their own..Given the occasion, though, Stadtlander agreed to provide a bottle of white wiee from own cellar,at cost,as afavor, Later, Mr Smith asked for a second bottle and a detailed receipt that included the price of thr wine.He turnedout to be OPP Detective Paul Smith and “his wife,”an assistant who went as a witness.“I was shocked,”Nobuyo Stadtlander recalls.”How could thy do this to us when we did them a favor?We soldthem our wine at our cost.”.But Mr.Smith say,” No.they made $20.”Stadtlander is determined to prove his innocence and continue the business.“People who live in the area have been very supportive,” he says.”And when this is over,I want my wine back.”
21.Stadtlander was accused because________.
A. be offered too much wine for a guest
B. be asked guests to bring their own wine
C. be charged too much for the wine offered
D. be sold wise to his guests without a license
22.In the 1980s,Stadtlander________.
A. threw his original restaurant menu into the fine
B. made his restaurant well-known around the world
C. sought for a quiet life in the central part of the city
D. opened one resyaurant after another home and abroad.
23.IT turned out that Mr. and Mrs. Smith were________.
A. two farmers
B. two witnesecs C. hasbend and wife D. police officers
24.Nobuy Studtlander claimed that in the wine case they made________.
A.$1.20 B. no money C.$100,000 D. a lot of money
25.Which of the following could be used as evidence against Stadtlander?
A. What Stadtlander’s wife said
B. The second bottle of wine
C. The records from the farmhouse.
D.A receipt with the wine price.
Passage Two
Questions26 to 30 are based on the following passage.A recent study shows that sixteen out of every 100 American couoles have violent confrontations of one sort oranother during the course of a year. In six of these cases there is severe kicking, biting, punching or hitting withobjects. Almost four of every 100 wives are seriously beaten by their husbands. three of every 100 children arekicked or punched by their parents. More than a third of all brothers and sisters severely attack each other.As expected, the incidence of violence is highest among the urban poor (many of them minoroties).blue-collarworkers, people under 20 or without religious beliefs, families with a husband who is jobless and those with four tosix children. But the study also showed that violence occurs among wealthy families as well. Indeed, the wife of auniversity president once quietly called Straus, one of the sociologists who conducted the study, to ask what shecould do about her husband, who often beat her. Straus suggested seeking assistance from marriage advisors.Steaus and his colleagues found out that there are various root causes that give rise to such behavior.“Thereason are mixed –psychological, sociological, situational,” says Straus.“The husband, for example, may feel underparticular stress because be has been out of work too long. Violence may also be an echo of the past,” Strausexplains.“When Mummy gives her two-year-old a slap（巴掌） for putting something dirty in his mouth, he islearning from infancy that those who love you hit you.” Another reason may be the worsening economic situations.“If we have a real economos decline, It’s going to get worse,” economic situations.“If we have a real economicdeclines,it’s going to get worse,” says Gelles, one of Straus” colleagues.These sociologists have no easy answer to violence in the American family. While they welcome such move asthe opening of shelters for beaten wives and the establishment of a National Center for Child Abuse and Neglect,they belive that there must be more basic attack on vilolence,including the reduction of “macho”（大男子主义）themes on the television,the outlawing of physical punishment in schools and perhaps even the wlimination ofdeath senernces.As Straus explains,“Volence is an acceptable solution to problems in American society,And that ishow it is used in families.
26.Which of the following statements is true?
A. More than a third of brothers attack sisters in American families.
B. Almost four percent of husbands are seriously beaten by their wives.
C. Six out of one hundred couples experience severe domestic violence.
D. Six percent of American couples have some kind of domestic violence.
27.The example concerning a university president’s wife shows that_________
A. domestic violence is found in well-to do families as well
B. the incidence of violence is highest among urban families
C. marriage advisons’ assistance is the best solution to violence
D. domestic vilence exists regardless of age, race,and social status.
28.What Gelles says shows that________.
A. vilence is responsible for the decline of economy
B. violence may be a reflection of one’s past experience
C. violence is related to the economic situation of the time
D. violence is the best form of emotional release for a husband
29.The word “outlawing” in line5 of the last paragraph means________.
A. making something illegal
B. freeing someone from prison
C. learning something from law
D. throwing someone out of court
30.According to the sociologists, it is impossible to curb domestic violence unless________.
A. more shelters for beateb wives are opened
B. children are protected by a National Center
C. violence is not accepted as a solution to problems
D. Americans get tougher with violent behaviors
Passage Three
Qestions 31to35are based on the following passage.American scientists are developing an “intelligent” mabile phone capable of blocking incoming calls
depending on the owner’s mood., Using “context aware”Technology the “Sensay” phone will monitor calls and send back polite messages saying the user may becontacted later.A research team at the Institute for Complex Engineering Systems at Carragie Mellon University in Pittsburg,Pennsylvania, are developing body temperature and electrical skin monitors to help the device understand theemotional state of its user. If the phone senses that the user is busy —for instance, involved in a conversation—itmight block an incoming call and turn it onto voicemail. The phone would send back a text message saying the useris unavailable, but advising that id the matter is urgent the caller can try again in three minutes. If a call from thesame person came in again, the phone would put it through.The researchers are interested in four basic different states—busy and not to be interrupted, physically active,idle,and “normal.” Most people are said to change between these states,an average of 6 to 12 times a day.Professor Asim Smailagic, a leading member of the Carnegic Mellon team, told The Engineermagazine.”Today’s computers are pretty dumb compared with the device. We got to work at the beginning of Mayand since then have been improving it. The next stage is to make it smarter, adding various intellingence systems soit can learn about the user. The phone also employs four primary sensons—two microphones to pick upconversations and monitor local noise.a light detector and an acceleromster（加速度计） .The light sensor shows ifthe phone is being carried in a bag or pocket ,while the accelerometer determines whether the user iswalking,running or standing still, In the sensor box, phone is being carried in a bag or pocket, while theaccelerometer determites whether the user is walking,running or standing still,In the future,the sensor box,phoneand personal organizer will be combined into one device.”
31.According to the passage, the “Sensay” phone is capable of ________.
A. showing body temperature
B. blocking unwanted calls
C. detecting the owner’s mood
D. sensing the caller’s mood
32.The second paragraph mainly tells us ________.
A. where the intelligent phone is developed
B. how the new phone is going to function
C. whether the researchers failed in their experiment
D. why the researchers failed in their experiment
33.Accorfing to Professor Smailagic, the detector will show________.
A. where the mobile phone is
B. where the mobile phone user is
C. whether the mobile phone user is busy
D. whether the mobile phone is within reach
34.the word “it” in line 5 of paragraph 4 refers to________.
A. the phone
B. the monitor
C. the computer
D. the light sensor
35.The best title for this passage is ________.
A. How to Tell a Person’s Mood
B. How to Block Incoming Calls
C. Sensay Your Personal Organizer
D. Sensay The Futuer Mobile Phone
Ⅳ.Word Spelling(10points for two words)
将下列汉语单词译成英语， 每个单词的词类、 首字母及字母数目均已给出， 请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。
36.乐意地，容易地adv. r________
37.前景n. p________
38.永恒的,不断的a.________
39.有益的，有好处的a. b________
40.进口n. i________
41.预报n. f________
42.元素，成分n. e________
43.缩短，减少n. s________
44.诚实n. h________
45.有规律的a. r________
46.改变，使不同v. v________
47.坦率地adv. F________
48.减轻，救济n. r________
49.和谐，融洽n. h________
50.赔偿v. c________
51.有效率的a.________
52.真诚的a. s________
53.建设v. e________
54.市长n. m________
55.好奇心n. e________
Ⅴ.Word Form(10point each)
将括号内的各词变为适当的形式填入空白， 答案写在答题纸上。
56.It will be interesting to see what’s going to happen at the next________(elect).
57.For those involved, the scandal has been a very________(pain)experience.
58.________(safe)needs to be improved on the railways in that country.
59.The present crisis bears some ________(similar) to the oil erisis of the 1970s.
60.His mother becomes disappointed whenever he fails to live up to her________(expect).
61.Being a ________(high) motivated lauguage learner, he takes every opportunity to improve his English.
62.Our most ________(success)product is based on a very simple idea.
63.local people are questioning the ________(wise) of spending so much money on the new road.
64.Don’t worry. This is the ________(desire)weight range for you health.
65.This scientist was awarded with several titles for his________(accomplish) in biology.
Ⅵ.Translation from Chinese into English(15points,3points each)
将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
66.尽管有困难，他们最终还是把工作完成了。
67.这次会议在促进两国友谊方面起了重要作用。
68.他长久以来梦想着称为一名足球运动员。
69.在过去的二十年中，用于科学实验的动物数量大大减少了。
70.这次英语考试比我们预想的要容易得多。
Ⅶ.Translation from English into Chinese(15points)
将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
Shy people are likely to be passive and easily influenced by other. They are very sensitive t criticism. They alsofind it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of them. A shy person may respondto a praise with a statement like this:“You’re saying that to make me feel good. I know it’s not me.” It is clear that,while self-awareness is a good quality. overdoing it is harmful.Can shyness be completely gotten rid of ,or at least reduced? Fortunately ,people can overcome shyness withdetermined and patient effort in building self-confidence.
答案
Ⅰ 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案， 并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.You may use bike (选 B)provided you give it back to me tomorrow morning
2.He could not (选B)hold back his tears on hearing that he was not admitted to the university
3.Good parents have the ability to communicate messages of love, trust, and self-worth (选C)with their children
4.The teacher required that all errors should be (选 B)eliminated before the students turn in their term paper.
5.A person is lucky if his career (选 C)coincides with his interest and hobby.
6.Out sleep influences our mood. our mood,(选 A)in return, affects our performance.
7.It was (选 A)considerate of you not to disturb us while we were sleeping.
8.I'd appreciate it very much if you could make some (选 C)remarks on my recent article at the conference.
9.He is (选 A)so absorbed in his own thoughts that he seems unaware of what's going on in the room.
10.No sooner (选 C)had I reached home than Michael arrived with Jane in his car.
Ⅱ 下列短文中有十个空白， 每个空白有四个选项， 根据上下文要求选出最佳答案， 并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
文章开头第一句话： it is difficult to escape the influence of television. If you fit the statistical averages11.选 A to 12.C after 13.B hours 14.A spends 15.D original 16.A written 17.B that 18.D requires 19.D who 20.Ceffort
Ⅲ从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案， 并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。第一篇， 文章开头第一句话： Michael Stadtlander set Toronto’s restaurant world on fire in the 1980s with originalfood,
21.Stadtlander was accused because 选 D. he sold wine to his guests without a license
22.In the 1980s,stadtlander 选 B. made his restaurant menu into the fire
23.It turned out that Mr. and Mrs. Smith were 选 D. police officers
24.Nobuyo Stadtlander claimed that in the wine case they made 选 B. no money
25.Which of the following could be used as evidence against Stadtlander?选 D.A receipt with the wine price
第二篇，文章开头第一句话：A recent study shows that sixteen out of every 100 American couples have violentconfrontations of one sort or another during the
26.Which of the following statements is true?选C. Six out of one hundred couples experience severe domesticviolence
27.The example concerning a university president’s wife shows that 选 A. domestic violence is found in well-to-dofamilies as well
28.What Gelles says shows that 选 C. violence is related to the economic situation of the time
29.The word “outlawing” in line 5 of the last paragraph means 选 A. making something illegal
30.According to the sociologists, it is impossible to curb domestic violence unless 选 C. violence is not accepted asa solution to probblems
第三篇，文章开头第一句话：American scientists are developing an “intelligent” mobile phone capable ofblocking calls depending on the owner mood
31. According to the passage, the “Sensay” phone is capable of选 C.…the owner’s mood
32.Second paragraph mainly tells us 选 B.…the new phone is going to function QQ 1031010648
33.According to professor Smailagic ,the light detector will show 选 A. where the mobile phone is.
34. The word “it” in line 5 of paragraph 4 refers to 选 A. the phone
35.The best title for this passage is 选 D. Sensay: The Future Mobile phone
Ⅳ.将下列汉语单词译成英语， 每个单词的词类、 首字母及字母数目均已给出， 请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。
36 乐意地 readily 37 前景 prospect
38 永恒的 constant 39 有益的 beneficial
40 进口 import 41 预报forecast
42元素element 43缩短，减少shorten
44诚实honesty 45有规律的regular
46改变vary 47坦率的frankly
48减轻relief 49和谐harmony
50倒塌collapse 51有效率的efficient
52真诚的sincere 53建设construct
54市长mayor 55好奇心的curiosity
Ⅴ将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白， 答案写在答题纸上。
56 election 57 painful 58 safety 59 similarities 60 expectation
61 highly 62 successful 63 wisdom 64 desired 65 accomplishment
Ⅵ将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
66尽管有困难，他们始终还是把工作完成了。They finally finished the job in spite of the difficulty.
67这次会议在促进两国友谊方面起了重要作用。This conference plays an important role in pormoting therelationship between the two countries.
68他长久以来梦想着成为一名足球运动员。He has been dreaming of being a football player.
69 在过去的 20 年中， 用于科学实验的动物数量大大减少了。In the past twentieth century, the number of animalsfor experiment greatly reduced.
70这次英语考试比我们预想的要容易得多。The English test was much easier than we had expected.
Ⅶ将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题卡上。
腼腆的人很容易被动且易受别人影响， 他们对于批评很敏感， 他们也发现表扬很难令他们高兴， 因为他们认为他们不值得表扬。一个腼腆的人对于赞扬可能会这样去回答:“你那样说是为了使我高兴， 我知道我并不是真的值得表扬。” 很明显，自知之明是一种好品质，但自谦过度也不好。 能否完全克服腼腆， 或至少让自己不那么腼腆，幸运的是人们能够通过努力耐心地建立自信来克服腼腆。
篇三
一、 Vocabul ary and Structure（10 poi nts, 1 poi nt for each i tem） 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案， 并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1. Experts have found that normal sleep can be divided into five______stages.
A. moderate
B. initial
C. distinct
D. advanced
答案： C
2. The student_____described the beautiful mountains and rivers in his home town.
A. artificially
B. vividly
C. critically
D. viciously
答案： B
3. What her grandfather said left a_____impression on her mind. She still remembersit.
A. final
B. vague
C. deep
D. main
答案： C
4. By the end of next year the bridge _____.
A. is to complete
B. has been completed
C. will be completing
D. will have been completed
答案： D
5. We have greatly _____the procedure according to the chairmans suggestion.
A. stimulated
B. perceived
C. obscured
D. simplified
答案：D
6. We should_____this in mind: Dont judge a person by his appearance.
A. bear
B. put
C. place
D. print
答案： A
7. Even after decades of _____， the two brothers recognized each otherimmediately.
A. separation
B. cooperation
C. correspondence
D. communication
答案： A
8. The spokesman occasionally_____his speech with gestures.
A. acknowledges
B. accompanies
C. attributes
D. anticipates
答案： B
9. In order to follow fashions， the girl has to_____great discomforts.
A. catch up with
B. put up with
C. keep up with
D. fall in with
答案： B
10. There is something wrong with my mobile phone. I must have it_____.
A. repair
B. to repair
C. repairing
D. repaired
答案： D
二、 Cl oze Test（10 poi nts, 1 poi nt for each i tem） 下列短文中有十个空白， 每个空白有四个选项。 根据上下文要求选出最佳答案， 并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
1. If you asked people what the most important invention has been, many would saythe printing press.Others 1 say the wheel.But even though it’s 2 whether theappearance of the printing press affected the course of history more than thewheel，the printing press 3 within the top two or three inventions in history.4 the telephone，the television,the radio，and the computer,the written word wasthe only way to 5 ideas to people too far away to talk with.Until the 6th or 7thcentury,all books had to be written 6.Creating a book was difficult，and very fewexisted.Therefore，very few people read books.In the 6th and 7th centuries，the Chinese invented a way to print pages by 7characters and pictures on wooden，ivory，or clay blocks.They would print a pagefrom the block by putting 8 on the block and pressing paper onto the ink.This 9 iscalled letterpress printing.The invention of letterpress printing was a greatadvance in communication 10 each block could be inked many times and many copies ofeach page could be made.Many books could now be made.Therefore，many people couldread the same book.
(1).
(A). might
(B). ought to
(C). had to
(D). should
答案：A
(2).
(A). variable
(B). agreeable
(C). reliable
(D). debatable
答案：D
(3).
(A). lists
(B). ranges
(C). ranks
(D). covers
答案：C
(4).
(A). Now that
(B). No longer
(C). Long before
(D). Since then
答案：C
(5).
(A). invent
(B). communicate
(C). generalize
(D). motivate
答案：B
(6).
(A). by hand
(B). at heart
(C). on foot
(D). in mind
答案：A
(7).
(A). drawing
(B). painting
(C). writing
(D). carving
答案：D
(8).
(A). chalk
(B). oil
(C). ink
(D). crystal
答案：C
(9).
(A). definition
(B). action
(C). movement
(D). process
答案：D
(10).
(A). when
(B). because
(C). although
(D). if
答案：B
三、 Readi ng Comprehensi on（30 poi nts， 2 poi nts for each i tem） 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案， 并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1. The American population was the tallest in the world from about the AmericanRevolution to World WarⅡ—that’s a long time.The U.S.had a very resourcerichenvironment，with game，fish and wildlife.In fact we have data on disadvantagedpeople in America,such as slaves.They were obviously among the most mistreatedpopulations in the world，but given the resource abundance，and given the fact thatthe slave owners needed their work,they had to be fed relatively decently.So theslaves were taller than European peasants.It’s no wonder that Europeans were justflooding to America.
Americans today are no longer the tallest people in the world.After WorldWarⅡ ， many Western and Northern European countries began to adopt favorable socialpolicies. There is universal health insurance in most of these societies—that,ofcourse， makes a difference in health care.You can also consider income inequality inthe U. S. , since people who are at the low end of the totem pole(图腾柱)haveconsiderable adversity making ends meet.I suspect the difference in height betweenAmericans and Europeans is due to both diet and health care.Americans today suffer from an additional problem：obesity.If children are too wellnourished， then they’re not able to grow optimally.There are certain hormones thatcontrol the start of the adolescent growth and the start of adolescence．Nutritionis one of the factors，along with genetic and hormonal ones which are associatedwith the start of puberty(青春期)．And if puberty comes too early，then the youthwill peak out sooner,and will not become as tall in adulthood as someone who hadbetter nutrition．Also,the overload of carbohydrates and fats in a fastfood diet mayhinder the consumption of micronutrients essential to growth．
(1). The word "game" in(line 2， para. 1) refers to.
(A). animals hunted for food
(B). rich natural resources
(C). activities played by kids
(D). sports events to be held
答案：A
(2). Slaves in America were taller than European peasants because.
(A). they were badly treated
(B). they did not do farm work
(C). they had sufficient food to eat
(D). they enjoyed better health care
答案：C
(3). It is implied in the second paragraph that.
(A). Europeans could make more money than Americans
(B). average Americans used to be shorter than Europeans
(C). welfare helps Europeans grow taller thn Americans
(D). people on the totem pole are leading a comfortable life
答案：C
(4). According to the third paragraph, overweight children in the U. S. .
(A). tend to have better nutrition for growth
(B). tend to eat more food to grow taller
(C). will grow taller than average children
(D). will fail to grow into an ideal height
答案：D
(5). Eating too much fast food may affect.
(A). the absorption of micronutrients
(B). the intake of carbohydrates
(C). the consumption of hormones
(D). the digestion of fats
答案：A
2. Yoshio and Hiromi Tanaka are a young Japanese couple living in the USA whileYoshio studies electrical engineering．They clearly love each other verydeeply, but， says Yoshio，“We didn’t marry for love in the Western sense.We gotmarried in the timehonoured Japanese way．Our parents arranged our marriage througha matchmaker．In Japan we believe that marriage is something that affects the wholefamily， not just the young couple concerned.So we think it is very important tomatch people according to their social background，education and so on．Matchmakersare usually middleaged women who keep lists of suitable young people withinformation about their families，education and interests.When our parents thoughtit was time for us to get married they went to a local matchmaker and asked her forsome suggestions．We discussed the details and looked at the photos she sent，andthen our parents asked her to arrange a ‘marriage interview’ for the two of us．”A Japanese marriage interview is held in a public place，such as a hotel orrestaurant, and is attended by the boy and the girl，their parents and thematchmaker． Information about the couple and their families is exchanged over a cupof tea and a meal．Then the boy and the girl are left alone for a short time to knoweach other． When they return home they have to tell the matchmaker whether they wantto meet again or not．If both of them want a second meeting， the matchmakerarranges it，and after that they can decide whether to carry on the courtshipthemselves． Here Hiromi said with a gentle smile，“Not so long ago，the girl couldnever refuse to go out again with a boy who liked her,but now she can. I thoughtYoshio was really nice，so I didn’t refuse．”Yoshio continued：“When our parents realized we were serious about each other, theystarted to make arrangements for our wedding．My family paid the ‘Yuino’money toHiromi’s．This money is to help pay for the wedding ceremony and for setting uphouse afterwards．We also gave her family a beautiful ornament to put in the bestroom of their house，so everyone knew that Hiromi was going to marry. Six monthsafter our first meeting we were married.A traditional Japanese wedding is awonderful ceremony,and our traditional custom of arranged marriage has given me awonderful wife．”
(1). The Japanese think marriage is important because.
(A). it is expensive to hire a matchmaker
(B). it is timeconsuming to match people
(C). it concerns the couple and their families as well
(D). it is hard to get the approval of the couples parents
答案：C
(2). After a marriage interview, the second meeting will be decided by.
(A). the boys parents
(B). the matchmaker
(C). the young couple
(D). the girls parents
答案：B
(3). It is implied in the second paragraph that.
(A). a good hotel can bring about a good marriage
(B). men used to be dominant in choosing a partner
(C). women played a leading role in choosing a partner
(D). a marriage interview settles all marriage arrangements
答案：B
(4). Yoshio thinks that the traditional Japanese marriage is.
(A). costly
(B). satisfying
(C). complex
(D). outdated
答案：B
(5). This passage is mainly about.
(A). the process of an arranged Japanese marriage
(B). a wedding ceremony in a Japanese fashion
(C). conventional marriage and modern marriage
(D). the role of matchmakers in arranging marriages
答案：A
3. College-bound American high school students usually have some combination ofparents， teachers，guidance counselors，or peers to support them in the toughprocess of applying to and beginning college.Unfortunately，adults who want to go tocollege—particularly adults who have been out of school for a long time—generallyhave no such support system.“Adults have a much harder time starting out in collegebecause， unlike regular students，they have adult obligations—raising children andworking full time—that often conflict with the demands of school，”says DeepaRao， a World Education expert.“Also，adults who have been out of school for a longtime may not be academically prepared for collegelevel work.Some have littleexposure to technologies like email and Internet research,which are an increasingpart of college communication and courses.They may be unaware of availableresources， such as financial aid,tutoring centers or mentoring programs，and may beunfamiliar with terms such as ‘bursar’and‘prerequisite.’And if you don’t knowwhere to begin or what to do once you do get there，it’s easy to get overwhelmedand simply give up.”
The challenges that working adults face when going to college inspired Deepa todevelop a web page and website as part of World Education’s National CollegeTransition Network(NCTN)，an online forum for technical assistance，news,and helpfulresources for educators，policy makers，and others interested in adult learning.Thenew website is a counterpart(对应物)to the NCTN，set up to guide adults who areconsidering college through the process of applying to and succeeding in school.The website is arranged like a college campus，with‘buildings’representing thesort of departments and classrooms housed on a college campus.Each buildingcontains‘classes’that describe the admissions process，where to look for grantsand scholarships，and lists resources，where an outofpractice student can reviewreading， writing，and math.There are also lists of advice and resources to helpstudents with their college life.Another helpful aspect of thisinteractive, multimedia site is its audio capacity：all texts can be read to thevisitor. This particular feature is especially helpful for people with visualproblems or learning disabilities.The cycle of learning runs from cradle to grave，and World Education works to breakdown barriers to education for people of all ages，all over the world.
(1). According to the passage， working adults find it difficult to start theircollege education because.
(A). they are too busy and academically unprepared
(B). they have been out of school for quite a long time
(C). tutoring resources in college are unavailable to them
(D). they do not have enough money for further education
答案：A
(2). The comparison between adult students and regular students shows that.
(A). the latter are less prepared than the former
(B). the latter have more problems than the former
(C). the former have more problems than the latter
(D). the former are no less prepared than the latter
答案：C
(3). The purpose of the website is to.
(A). help adult students edit web pages
(B). provide adult students with guidance
(C). solve financial problems of adult students
(D). enable students to repair computers by themselves
答案：B
(4). The newly created website provides programs.
(A). for regular college students only
(B). for students interested in websites
(C). for students including the disabled
(D). for educators interested in adult learning
答案：C
(5). The last paragraph shows that learning.
(A). involves difficulties
(B). starts at ones birthplace
(C). requires repeated efforts
(D). is a lifelong process
答案：D
四、 Word Spel l i ng(20 poi nts, 1 poi nt for two i tems) 将下列汉语单词译成英语。 每个单词的词类、 首字母及字母数目均已给出。 请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。
1. 多种多样的a. d_ _ _ _ _ _
答案： diverse
2. 同样地ad. l_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案： likewise
3. 手册， 指南n. m_ _ _ _ _
答案： manual
4. 消费者n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：consumer
5. 商标n. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案： trademark
6. 偏见n. b_ _ _
答案： bias
7. 城市的a. u_ _ _ _
答案： urban
8. 观众n. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案： audience
9. 材料n. m_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案： material
10. 词典n. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：dictionary
11. 值得v. d_ _ _ _ _ _
答案：deserve
12. 科学的a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：scientific
13. 缺陷， 毛病n. d_ _ _ _ _
答案：defect
14. 延长， 拉长v. p_ _ _ _ _ _
答案：prolong
15. 图书馆馆员n. l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：librarian
16. 药片n. t_ _ _ _ _
答案：tablet
17. 命令， 指挥v. c_ _ _ _ _ _
答案：command
18. 明智的a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：sensible
19. 原则n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：principle
20. 次等的， 劣等的a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _
答案：inferior
五、 Word Form(10 poi nts, 1 poi nt each) 将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
1. She was taken to hospital because she was suffering from a(n) ___(regular)heartbeat.
答案： irregular
2. In all ___(serious) , if Mike does resign, a lot of others will start leaving too.
答案： seriousness
3. The father has adopted a fairly___(tolerate) attitude toward his son’ sbehavior.
答案： tolerant
4. Soon after that, labor markets became very tight and money wages rose___(rapid) .
答案：rapidly
5. It was___(honest) of him to suggest that he actually had a degree fromHarvard—he was just there for one year.
答案： dishonest
6. A good___(write) of fiction always manages to have sympathy for all hischaracters.
答案： writer
7. Mike didn’ t like to be singled out for special___(treat) at school because ofhis athletic talent.
答案： treatment
8. Doctors soon realized that this drug was also___(effect) in relieving thesymptoms of diabetes.
答案： effective
9. She found she was sweating profusely and her breathing had___(quick) .
答案： quickened
10. The publishing business is no___(differ) from any other business in thisrespect.
答案： different
六、 Transl ati on from Chi nese i nto Engl i sh(15 poi nts, 3 poi nts each) 将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
1. 我觉得黑洞理论很难理解。
答案： I find/found it difficult to understand the black hole theory.
2. 为了按时完成实验， 这位科学家从未在午夜前就寝。
答案： To complete the experiment on time, the scientist never went to bed beforemidnight.
3. 那位年轻人的研究几乎没有成功的可能。
答案： There will be little possibility of success in the young man’ s research./It
is almost impossible for the young man to succeed in his research.
4. 就连警方也不清楚那场交通事故的原因。
答案： Even the police did not know what had caused the traffic accident.
5. 我倒是希望他明年再买这房子。
答案： I would rather he bought the house next year.
七、 Transl ati on from Engl i sh i nto Chi nese(15 poi nts) 将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
1. In the old days， the lines between work and leisure time were markedlyclearer． People left their offices at a predictable time，were often completelydisconnected from their jobs as they traveled to and from work，and were offdutyonce they were home．That’s no longer true．In today’s highly competitive jobmarket, employers demand increased productivity,expecting employees to put in longerhours and to keep in touch almost constantly via fax，cell phones，email，or othercommunications devices．As a result，employees feel the need to check what’s goingon at the office，even on days off．They feel pressured to work after office hoursjust to catch up on everything they have to do．They work harder and longer, changetheir work tasks more frequently,and they worry more about job security．
答案： 过去， 工作与休闲的界限泾渭分明。 人们可在预计的时间下班， 在上下班的途中往往与工作完全脱离。 而且， 一旦回到家， 就不再工作， 而现今这种情况已不复存在。 在今天竞争十分激烈的职场上， 雇主要求提高生产率， 希望雇员加班加点， 而且还要通过传真、 移动电话、 电子邮件或其他通讯工具随时保持联系。 这样， 雇员就觉得有必要了解办公室的事情， 甚至休假时也不例外， 他们感到压力， 需要加班赶进度， 确保完成每件所要做的事。 他们工作更勤奋， 投入的时间更多，工作任务变换得更频繁，越发为保住工作而烦心。
